Background. COVID-19 is a global pandemic and has plagued many countries with unprecedented management problems. The rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world has reduced the ability of countries to address and respond to essential Health Services. Most countries have taken steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and improve essential Services. The National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 in Iran’ s Healthcare system was implemented in 5 stages until the September of 2021. This study aimed to assess and review medical universities' performance in the third step of management and control of COVID-19 to provide documents and reports to be used in similar experiences. Methods. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from electronic records at the primary Health care facilities. Data were analyzed and reported using descriptive statistical methods, including comparative tables and graphs. In order to prepare the report, Excel 2016 software was used. The third step of the National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 was implemented from August 10, 2020, to November 10, 2020. In this step, while re-emphasizing the importance and necessity of verbal and laboratory screening of COVID-19, essential Health Services provision was highlighted as "in person and remote Services" for the covered population. Results. In the third step of national mobilization, 59, 109, 413 people were screened for COVID-19. During the third step, non-COVID essential Services increased compared to the previous three months, with the most significant increase in middle-aged care. Conclusion. After implementing the third step of National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 in Iran, the number of delivered Services in all target groups has increased. This indicates the effectiveness of the third step in the fight against COVID-19 and has increased the provision of Essential Health Services.

Background & Objective: Clients are at the heart of the Health system and their satisfaction indicates the correctness of the Services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors relevant to the development of the status of responding to expectations in Alishahr Comprehensive Health Services Center in 2018. Materials & Methods: The present study is qualitative in the form of directed content analysis. Results: According to the respondents, the four components of response time, the factor of manpower in response, the management factor in response, the factor of equipment and facilities in responding to the respondents are the most important factors in the satisfaction of the respondents. Accordingly, the factor of speed, accuracy in doing client's affairs (90. 9%) is the most important factor of time component; The factor of behavior with concerning clients, the responsiveness and responsibility for the client's business and having tolerance and a positive desire to deal with the client (90. 1%) are the most important factors of manpower; Transparency and proper information and quality of service (quality of service) (86. 4) The most important factor of the management component; Finally, the factors of cleanliness of the workplace (creating a pleasant and elegant environment) and the physical appearance of the staff, the heating and cooling system, the proper sanitary, adornment and Health and safety of the work environment (77. 3%) are the most important factors of the equipment component and facilities. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study that the provision of Services in some cases is not optimal, it is suggested that by establishing a proper referral system and monitoring, it will increase the satisfaction of the clients.

Background and Objectives: Despite the implementation of the Health reform plan and the increasing number of Comprehensive Centers of Health Services in 2014 in Iran, many people still do not attend these Centers for various reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons why urban households do not attend Comprehensive Centers of Health Services in Sanandaj. Methods: This study was carried out using two quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the quantitative section, data were collected through a checklist and interviews with 200 household heads who did not attend. In the qualitative section, the views of physicians, other Health providers, and household heads were obtained using semi-structured interviews. Results: A feeling of no need for Health Services, paying more attention to treatment, working on morning shifts, physical problems, inappropriate location of Centers, inadequate informing Services to community members, inconsistency between existing Services and clients’ needs, and inappropriate treatment of some Health providers were the most important barriers to non-attendance of clients. Despite four years of implementation of the Health reform plan in Iran, 53. 5% and 60% of participants had no awareness about the presence of mental Health and nutrition experts and their free Services in the Centers, respectively. Conclusion: Although there are many reasons for people not attending Comprehensive Centers of Health Services in cities, informing and introducing Services to the community and considering the clients’ needs are essential.

Introduction: Owing to the importance of oral Health and the high cost of dental care, receiving cost information and calculating the cost of types of dental Services at the Comprehensive Health Center can be effective in resource allocation, tariff reform, and insurance coverage of this type of service. This study aimed to calculate the cost of all types of dental Services delivered at the Farman Farmaeian Comprehensive Health Services Center. Methods: The present study is a descriptive, practical, and retrospective cost-accounting study. In this research, the cost of nine dental Services in the dental unit of Farman Farmaeian Comprehensive Health Service Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences was calculated using a cost-based method based on the activity. The data were analyzed based on the various stages of activity-based costing. Results: The price of all types of dental Services in this study was more than the tariffs of 1397. The largest cost share of dental Services provided at this Center was for composite restorations (1, 593, 640 Rials) and the lowest was the cost of fluoride therapy (210, 170 Rials). The total costs related to the dental unit, staffing with 61. 6% had the highest share of costs, and after that, the cost of consumable materials, shared costs, depreciation of equipment and office supplies, and maintenance had the largest shares, respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that there is a difference between the actual price of the Services of the unit studied and the tariffs for those Services. Also, owing to the high share of staffing and dental consumable materials, it is possible to take effective steps to increase the efficiency and reduce costs by using domestic-made and high-quality consumable materials and hiring compulsory designed manpower.

2Objective(s): Health tourism is a branch of the tourism industry that is of interest to many countries of the world due to its high demand and good income. Therefore, considering the importance of Health tourism and the existing potential in Mazandaran province, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the development of the Health tourism industry in Mazandaran province. Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. For this purpose, 17 Health tourism industry experts and Health tourists were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were conducted until we reached a point of theoretical data saturation. Results: The findings showed that the Health tourism industry in Mazandaran province is affected by structural, process and contextual factors. The structural factors included issues related to infrastructures, potentials/attractions, institutional factors, and expert human resources for Health tourism destination. The process factor included issues related to drivers of Health tourism, provision of Health Services and destination situational factors. The contextual-field factor included issues related to sociocultural contexts, potentials and attractiveness of tourism, and economic capacity. Conclusion: Despite the importance of Services related to Health tourism and considering the increasing demand of this industry, travelers who travel to Mazandaran province need a variety of Services, and the need to pay attention to quality service development in tourism destinations is evident. Therefore, the provision of other essentials for Health tourists such as infrastructure, destination attractions, financial capacities, sociocultural conditions, human resources, situational factors are  the requirements for the development of this industry.

Objective(s): Health literacy impacts Health behaviors, improving the access to Healthcare and increasing the control of individual Health. The purpose of this Study was to examine the relationship between Health literacy and female cancers preventive behaviors a. in women attending to Health Centers of Shahid Beheshti university of Medical Sciences.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study and conducted on 500 women who referred to family Health units affilitated to Shahid Beheshetic University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults was used to measure Health literacy. Binary logistic regression was applied to verify the chance of female common cancers preventive behaviors.Results: 48.6% of participants had low Health literacy level, 24.4% had marginal level and only 27% had adequate Health literacy level. Health literacy was significantly by education (r=0.367), age (r=0.195), income (r=0.302), and employment.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that adequate Health literacy increased the chance of doing breast examination and pap smear test (OR=1.83 and OR=1.79), respectively.Conclusion: The findings showed that Health literacy was low among women and limited Health literacy prevented women from performing cancer preventive behaviors.

Objective: The Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) indicated that almost 1 in 4 people had one or more psychiatric disorders (23. 6%); however, two-thirds of patients did not benefit from Health interventions, many provided Services were inadequate and imposed a high burden on Iranian families. Therefore, the development of a national program on providing Comprehensive social and mental Health Services, entitled “ SERAJ” , became necessary. The present study aims to develop and outline the protocol for the pilot implementation of SERAJ. Method: This study is an action research with the collaborative mode. To compile the protocol, a broad review of the literature, interviews with experts and stakeholders, and focused group discussions were conducted. Results: The pilot implementation should be divided into 4 phases: (1) preparing documentation and work team, (2) preparing the prerequisites for providing pilot Services, (3) providing pilot Services, and (4) implementation and evaluation. Conclusion: SERAJ considered both preventive and treatment measures for mental and social Health disorders and their risk factors. Moreover, the entire population can have access to primary and secondary Services. Therefore, SERAJ is more Comprehensive than the current situation in the country's mental Health Services. We suggest piloting and evaluating SERAJ in three districts of Iran.

Background: The evaluation of growth in children in addition to show nutritional status and Health of children in each community is considered as a valid tool for measuring quality of life (QoL). UNICEF reported a total of 40, 000 daily deaths due to malnutrition. The present study was conducted to review the nutritional status of rural children under 6 in Zahedan, Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 514 rural children 6 to 59 months by multistage random sampling and by questionnaire, interview and house-to-house survey in Zahedan were studied. Data collection tools were scale, questionnaire and metric measurement. Data analysis performed by Nutritional survey, besides anthropometric data were compared to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to these criteria, the moderate and severe underweight, wasting and stunting was Z score£-2 and severity of malnutrition was defined as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 115.Findings: 17.3%, 25.5% and 6.8% of the studied children had moderate to severe underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Overall average height (83±11.4 vs.82±12.2), weight (11±2.6 vs.10±2.6) and MUAC (145±14.3 vs.141±16.2) in the boys was higher than the girls. The prevalence of stunting (29.7% vs.22.5%), underweight (20.7% vs.15.7%) and wasted (9.8% vs.4.4%) were higher in boys than in girls (P>0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicated that the prevalence of malnutrition is one of public problems in the rural children under 6 in Zahedan. Thus, this suggested that the gap might be filled by improvement in nutrition and Health Services along with the socio-economic development.

Objective (s): Sexual Health is one of the most important aspects of Health However, few Healthcare providers are capable of sexual counseling skill in clinical environments. Considering that in Iran most of the reproductive and sexual Health Services are provided in Comprehensive Health Centers by midwives, the present study was conducted to explain the factors related to the provision of sexual Health Services by midwives in these Centers. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran in 2018-2019. Participants were 16 midwives, 7 key informants, and 6 women who referred to Comprehensive Health Centers. Data were collected through 3 sessions of focus group discussion and 8 semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the conventional content analysis method. MAXQDA 10 software was used to perform analysis. Results: In all 87 codes, 27 sub-categories, and 9 categories were extracted. Further examination of the categories led to emergent of three main themes: ‘, professional competence of midwives in providing sexual Health Services’, , ‘, educational gap in sexual Health’, , and restrictions to providing sexual Health Services’, . Conclusion: The results showed that due to the lack of adequate education in sexual Health and obstacles such as attitudes of policymakers, limited time and resources, and cultural issues, sexual Health Services are not provided proficiently. Indeed, considering the professional capacity of midwives, revising the midwifery educational curriculum in sexual Health, is recommended.

Background and Objective: Quality is a major concern in the Services offered by the Health sector. The first basic step, in formulating any quality-improvement program, is recognizing consumers’ perceptions and expectations of the Services'' quality. The aim of this study is to determine the gaps in the Health Services and provide solutions to increase clients'' satisfaction in the clinics of Shomal Health Center of Tehran.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was done in 2013. The sample size was 325, proportionately selected from the recipients of primary Health care in each clinic. Data was collected by a questionnaire, based on the five dimensions of service quality gap SERVQUAL instrument; which includes 22 questions. The collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: There was a significant difference between the client's perception and expectation in each of the five dimensions of service quality. The smallest gap was in the communion (0.68) and the largest gap in the concrete (0.88) service. The client's education was significantly associated with the quality gap.Conclusion: None of the service dimensions were beyond the expectations of the respondents. Therefore, there is an ample room for improving the service processes.